A multi-center observation of the therapeutic efficacy of Bencycloquidium bromide in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with predominant symptoms of rhinorrhea / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of the M receptor antagonist Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with runny nose as the main symptom. Methods:From August 2021 to September 2021, 134 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were enrolled in the otolaryngology Outpatient Department of Peking University Third Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and China-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University, including 71 males and 63 females, with a median age of 38 years. TNSS score and visual analogue scale（VAS） of total nasal symptoms were observed during 2 weeks of treatment with Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray. Results:TNSS score decreased from （8.89±3.31） on day 0 to （3.71±2.51） on day 14（P<0.001）, VAS score of nasal symptoms decreased from （24.86±7.40） on day 0 to （6.84±5.94） on day 14（P<0.001）, VAS score of rhinorrhoea decreased from （6.88±2.06） on day 0 to （1.91±1.81） on day 14（P<0.001）. Rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire（RQLQ） score decreased from （94.63±33.35） on day 0 to （44.95±32.28） on day 14（P<0.001）. The incidence of adverse reaction was low and no serious adverse events occurred during the whole experiment. Conclusion:Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray has significant efficacy and good safety in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Mouthwashes and Nasal Sprays as a Way to Prevent the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 / Enjuagues Bucales y Aerosoles Nasales como un Método de Prevenir la Propagación de SARS-CoV-2

ABSTRACT: COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people around the world. Due to its large accumulation in the nasopharyngeal region and transmission through respiratory fluids, its spread among people is extremely high. Considering the needed time for treatments and vaccine development, the research of preventive methods, such as the use of mouthwash and nasal spray, that could decrease the viral load in the nasopharyngeal region, and thus the spread of SARS-CoV-2, becomes fundamental. The evidence has shown that there are compounds with antiviral capacity that could be used for this purpose, among which are povidone-iodine, hydrogen peroxide, cyclodextrins, and the synthetic drug PUL-042. Currently, there is no clinical evidence that proves the effectiveness of these substances against SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, there are ongoing clinical trials to prove it and generate methods that could help to prevent or, at least, decrease its spread among the population and stop this pandemic.

RESUMEN: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha infectado a millones de personas en el mundo. Su extremadamente alta capacidad de propagación se debe a la gran acumulación en la región nasofaríngea y su transmisión vía fluidos respiratorios.Considerando el tiempo necesario para desarrollar vacunas y tratamientos, se vuelve fundamental la investigación de métodos preventivos como el uso de enjuague bucal y spray nasal, que puedan disminuir la carga viral en la zona nasofaríngea y así también la capacidad de propagación de SARS-CoV-2La evidencia presenta compuestos con capacidad antiviral como la povidona iodada, peróxido de hidrógeno, ciclodextrinas y la droga sintética PUL-042, que podrían ser usados para dicho propósito. Actualmente no existe evidencia clínica que demuestre la efectividad de estas sustancias contra SARS-Cov-2, sin embargo, se están desarrollando estudios clínicos para probarlos y generar métodos que ayuden a disminuir o prevenir su transmisión en la población, y así detener esta pandemia.

Riesgos, contaminación y prevención frente al COVID-19 en el quehacer odontológico: una revisión / Risks, contamination and prevention against COVID-19 in dental work: a review

RESUMEN Introducción En abril del 2020, la pandemia del COVID-19 ha causado más de un millón de contagios y 54 600 muertes a nivel mundial. El contagio del SARS-CoV-2 es rápido y su transmisión se da a través de gotas de saliva. De allí su importancia en la odontología. Objetivo Identificar los principales riesgos, vías de transmisión y medidas de prevención frente al COVID-19. Métodos Se realizó una revisión de literatura científica de los últimos dos años sobre el tema, en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar y Research Gate. Los descriptores utilizados fueron los siguientes: "coronavirus", "COVID-19", "dental", "dentistry", "oral", "stomatology" y "aerosol". Se encontraron 350 artículos, de lo que se seleccionaron 50 por su actualidad, relación y enfoque. La transmisión del COVID-19 se da principalmente a través de gotas de saliva, aerosoles y fómites. El virus puede subsistir por un tiempo en el ambiente y en las superficies. Los odontólogos son trabajadores de la salud con peligro de contagiarse debido que varios de sus procedimientos liberan aerosoles. La bioseguridad en el ejercicio de esta profesión debe ser estricta y extrema, también la limpieza y desinfección del ambiente y superficies de contacto. Conclusiones En la profesión odontológica el riesgo potencial de contaminación entre operados, asistentes y pacientes es alto. El conocimiento del agente causal y de la enfermedad permitirá reducir la posibilidad de contagio. El odontólogo debe considerar a los pacientes como sospechosos de COVID-19 y aplicar la bioseguridad a todo nivel.

ABSTRACT Introduction In April 2020 The COVID-19 pandemic caused more than one million infections and 54 600 deaths to date around the world. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 is rapid, and its transmission is through droplets of saliva, hence its importance in dentistry. Objective Identify the main risks, transmission routes and prevention measures against COVID-19. Methods A review of the scientific literature of the last two years on the subject was carried out in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Research Gate databases. The descriptors used were: "coronavirus", "COVID-19", "dental", "dentistry", "oral", "stomatology", and "aerosol". 350 articles were found, but 50 were selected for their topicality, relationship, and focus. The transmission of the COVID-19 is carried out mainly through saliva drops, aerosols and fomites. The virus can subsist for a time on the environment and surfaces. Dentists are health workers who are at risk of contagion because several of their procedures release aerosols. The biosecurity in the exercise of this profession must be strict and extreme, also the cleaning and disinfection of the environment and contact surfaces. Conclusions In the dental profession the potential risk of contamination among operators, assistants and patients is high. Knowing the causative agent and the disease allows you to reduce the possibility of contagion. The dentist must consider patients as suspects to COVID-19 and apply biosecurity at all levels.

Effect of acupuncture plus medication on the pulmonary ventilation, IFN-γ level and sleep quality in allergic rhinitis patients / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the effect of warm-unblocking acupuncture plus fluticasone propionate nasal spray on the pulmonary ventilation, level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and sleep quality in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: A total of 112 AR patients were enrolled between January 2013 and August 2018 and were divided into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method, with 56 cases in each group. Patients in the observation group received warm-unblocking acupuncture plus fluticasone propionate nasal spray, and patients in the control group only received fluticasone propionate nasal spray. The nasal symptom score, pulmonary function indexes, the levels of IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 in serum, and sleep quality in the two groups were compared. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The nasal symptom score dropped in both groups after treatment (both P＜0.05), and the score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The pulmonary ventilation indexes all increased significantly after treatment in the observation group (all P＜0.05); the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (FEV1/FVC) and the forced expiratory flow at 50%, 75% and 25%-75% of the vital capacity (FEF50%, FEF75%, FEF25%-75%) increased after treatment in the control group (all P＜0.05); the pulmonary ventilation indexes were higher in the observation group than those in the control group (all P＜0.05). The level of IFN-γ increased significantly after treatment in the two groups (both P＜0.05) and the level of IL-4 dropped significantly (both P＜0.05); the observation group had a higher IFN-γ level (P＜0.05) and a lower IL-4 level (P＜0.05) compared with the control group. Regarding the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the scores of subjective sleep quality, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disturbances and the general PSQI score decreased significantly after treatment in both groups (all P＜0.05), and the scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P＜0.05). Conclusion: Warm-unblocking acupuncture plus fluticasone propionate nasal spray can effectively control the clinical symptoms and improve pulmonary function in the treatment of AR; this approach can regulate the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 towards the normal range in AR patients; it can also improve patient’s sleep quality. This method can produce more significant efficacy than fluticasone propionate nasal spray used alone.

Experimental study for evaluation of a low-cost spray cryotherapy system / Estudo experimental para avaliação de um sistema de baixo custo para crioterapia em spray

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the feasibility and applicability of a low-cost cryotherapy system. Methods Experimental study with 25kg Landrace pigs submitted to a longitudinal cervico-thoraco-abdominal incision for exposure of the trachea, thorax and abdomen. The tissues were frozen by continuous spray application at different periods of time (5, 10 and 15 seconds). Spray cryotherapy was performed using a fluorinated gas (tetrafluorethane) delivered at - 47°C temperature (DermaFreeze®, Emdutos; ANVISA registration 80409950001; price R$ 394,00). via an adapted, disposable 1.8mm cholangiography catheter (Olympus; price R$ 280,00). The specimens were resected for histopathological analysis. Results Thirty samples were obtained from ten different organs and divided according to spray cryotherapy application time. System activation for 5, 10 or 15 seconds led to consumption of 14g, 27g and 40g of gas respectively (average gas consumption, 2.7g/s using a 1.8mm catheter). The system comprising a spray tube and catheter proved user-friendly and effective, with constant gas dispersion and adequate tissue freezing. In spite of effective freezing, microscopy failed to reveal tissue changes. This may have reflected methodological constraints precluding evaluation at tissue damage peak time (48 hours). Conclusion The low-cost spray cryotherapy system proved feasible and safe.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a exequibilidade e a aplicação de um sistema de baixo custo de crioterapia. Métodos Estudo experimental realizado com um suíno da raça Landrace, 25kg, submetido à cervicotoracolaparotomia longitudinal, com exposição de traqueia, tórax e abdome. Procedemos ao congelamento das estruturas em tempos diferentes (5, 10 e 15 segundos) com jato contínuo. A crioterapia foi realizada com gás fluoretado (tetrafluoretano), na forma de spray em tubo, que atinge a temperatura de -47°C (DermaFreeze®, Emdutos; registro ANVISA 80409950001; preço R$ 394,00). A este tubo, adaptamos um cateter descartável de colangiografia de 1,8mm (Olympus; preço R$ 280,00). As peças foram ressecadas para análise histopatológica. Resultados Foram obtidas 30 amostras em 10 órgãos diferentes, divididos em três intervalos de tempo distintos. Quando o sistema foi acionado por 5 segundos, gastaram-se 14g de gás; por 10 segundos, 27g; e por 15 segundos, 40g; o gasto médio foi de 2,7g/s pelo cateter de 1,8mm. O sistema confeccionado com tubo de gás e cateter proporcionou resultado efetivo, com dispersão adequada e constante do gás, congelamento adequado e de fácil execução. Apesar da técnica evidenciar congelamento efetivo, na microscopia não houve alteração tecidual. Isso ocorreu porque o pico de lesão tecidual por congelamento ocorre após 48 horas, o que não foi possível avaliar por este método proposto. Conclusão O sistema de crioterapia em spray de baixo custo foi exequível e seguro.

Quality control of nasal sprays: Research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

It is very important to develop nasal sprays with higher bioavailability and better targeting capability by making further use of advanced technology and new methods according to its characteristics. Intensive research has been searched on nasal sprays quality control methods which have been developed in the last few years. This review discusses the critical quality attributes of nasal sprays and the research progress of the quality control methods. Clarifies the characters examine of the nasal spray (pH, osmolality, particle size distribution and viscosity), content and related substances, packaging materials compatibility studies, spray pattern and droplet distribution methods of quality control.

Effect of Mometasone Furoate Nasal Sprays Combined with Montelukast on Allergic Rhinitis / 中国药师

Objective: To observe the curative effect and reoccurrence prevention of mometasone furoate nasal sprays combined with montelukast on allergic rhinitis ( AR) . Methods:Totally 74 cases of patients with AR were divided into the observation group and the control at random. The patients in the observation group were given mometasone furoate nasal sprays combined with montelukast, while the patients in the control group were only given mometasone furoate nasal sprays for 4 weeks. The clinical curative effect and ad-verse drug reaction ( ADR) in the two groups were observed and compared, and the reoccurrence rates in the two groups after one-year following-up were compared as well. Results:The total efficiency in the observation group was 94. 59%, which was much higher than that in the control group (78. 38%), and the reoccurrence rate in one year was 22. 86% in the observation group, which was much lower than that in the control group (48. 28%) with statistical differences (P0.05). Conclusion: Compared with mometasone furoate nasal sprays, the application of mometasone furoate nasal sprays combined with montelukast in the treatment of AR can reduce the reoccur-rence rate with good security.